Periodic Table of Elements - Elements Database. Periodic Table. Our periodic table of chemical elements presents complete information on the chemical elements including the chemical element symbol, atomic number, atomic weight and description. Continued Soda and Osteoporosis: Possible Culprits. Phosphoric acid, a major component in most sodas, may be to blame, according to lead study author Katherine Tucker. Ester names are derived from the parent alcohol and the parent acid, where the latter may be organic or inorganic. Esters derived from the simplest carboxylic acids. The links below lead to the detailed description of most well known chemical elements. Our periodic table information can be useful for chemistry and physics students, as well as science researchers. You can test your Periodic Table knowledge with our Periodic Table Quiz. Copper, silver, gold, mercury, tin, lead, and other elements have been known since ancient times and were used to make jewelry, coins, and tools. Phosphorus became the first element to be discovered by Hennig Brand in 1. It is known as the first scientific discovery of a chemical element. Early Systematization Attempts. A total of 6. 3 elements have been discovered by 1. However, the first attempts at systematization occurred in 1.
Johan Dobereiner grouped chemical elements into triads, and De Chancourtois formulated a chart with closely related elements. Mendeleev's Periodic Table. It was only in 1. Dmitri Mendeleev, an inventor and chemist of Russian origin, discovered the Periodic Law and organized all chemical elements in columns and rows. The elements were organized based on their physical and chemical properties. The Extended Periodic Table. It is still to be discovered how far the Periodic Table of Elements extends. According to the American scientist Glenn Seaborg, element 1. Attempts were made to synthesize several new elements, including unbiseptium, unbihexium, unbiquadium, and unbibium. Periodic Table Grouping. The Periodic Table includes 1. The so called typical elements are found in the first two rows. Groups. Group 1 of the Periodic Table groups together the alkali metals while group 2 contains all alkaline earth metals. The noble gases and halogens are in groups 1. The Periodic Table groups elements into the cobalt, chromium, vanadium, scandium, copper, cobalt, and other groups. Periods. There are 7 periods of elements that group elements with similar properties. Period 1 contains two elements, helium and hydrogen while period 7 contains radioactive elements. The rare earth elements are found in period 6. Many period 6 elements are toxic, heavy, and radioactive. Blocks. Blocks combine adjacent groups and are also called element families. There are 4 blocks in the Periodic Table - f, d, p, and s. The f block includes inner transition elements and the d block is made of transition elements. The p block includes post- transition metals, semimetals, and nonmetals, with the exception of helium and hydrogen. The s block contains alkaline earths and alkali metals. Major Categories. The major categories are metalloids, nonmetals, and metals, and most elements in the Periodic Table are metals. Metals are malleable, shiny, and ductile while nonmetals lack metallic properties and are volatile. Metalloids share properties with both nonmetals and metals. Periodic Table Curious Facts. The Most Expensive Element. Lutetium is a metal and the most expensive chemical element available. The price of 1 gram is $1. Francium, however, is the most expensive element that can be produced. A small amount will cost a few billion. The Lightest and Heaviest Element Hydrogen is the lightest element, and it is also the most abundant one. Hydrogen has important commercial applications, for example, hydrogen fuel cells and the manufacture of chemical products. Uranium is the heaviest element that occurs freely in nature. Ununoctium is heavier and the heaviest known chemical element, but it is manmade. The Rarest Element. The rarest element is astatine, and scientists estimate that the total amount found is less than 1 gram. CERN researchers suggest that its isotopes can be used in cancer treatment therapies. Precious Metals. The group of precious metals includes elements such as palladium, ruthenium, platinum, iridium, and gold. Other precious metals include osmium, ruthenium, silver, and rhodium. They are used for coinage, jewelry, and alloys and have different commercial applications. Artificially Made Elements. Some elements are not found in nature but are synthesized in laboratory settings. They are also called synthetic elements and have radioactive properties. Today, there are 2. The Most Abundant Element in the Universe. About 7. 5 percent of the mass of the universe consists of hydrogen, making it the most abundant element. It is a colorless and odorless gas that makes up nuclear matter. The second most abundant is helium, which accounts for about 2. Other elements include oxygen, iron, neon, magnesium, carbon, and nitrogen. How Many Radioactive Elements? There are 3. 7 radioactive elements in the Periodic Table. Many radioactive isotopes have been isolated as well. The list of radioactive elements includes berkelium, radon, polonium, californium, thorium, and others. What is the Most Radioactive Element? Polonium, which is classified as a metal and metalloid, is the most radioactive element that has no stable isotopes. It occurs naturally in very low concentrations. Lawrencium and nobelium are also highly radioactive elements. Most dense? Least dense? Osmium is the densest known chemical element with density of 2. Other elements with high density include platinum, rhenium, gold, thallium, berkelium, and americium. The least dense element is hydrogen while lithium is the least dense solid metal. Chemistry doesn't have to be boring. Learn more about the The Chemistry of Teeth Whitening. If you are wondering what does have chemistry to do with money then read The Chemistry of Paper Money, The Chemistry of Polymer Banknotes and The Chemistry of Credit Cards. Learn why precious metals are so special. Learn more about banking, money and financial matters at Canadian Banks. Baby’s Only. It is essential for night vision, healthy skin, hair and mucous membranes. It is sometimes referred to as the anti- infective vitamin because it is required for the proper functioning of the immune system and helps prevent infection. Good Food Sources: milk and dairy products, organ meats such as liver, yellow and orange fruits,carrots, sweet potatoes, cantaloupe, and dark green leafy vegetables. Vitamin DVitamin D, also known as calciferol, is often called the sunshine vitamin because of the body’s ability to make it from the interaction of the sun on the skin. Vitamin D made from this process is referred to as Vitamin D3 or cholecalciferol. Vitamin D3 is also available from animal sources. Vitamin D derived from plant sources is known as Vitamin D2 or ergocalciferol. Vitamin D helps the body properly utilize calcium and phosphorus for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Recent research has confirmed that Vitamin D3 is more effective than Vitamin D2 in humans in improving the bodies Vitamin D status. Vitamin D is essential for the development and maintenance of healthy bones and teeth in children and adults. In children, a deficiency of Vitamin D results in rickets, a softening of the bones, which can result in bent legs. In adults, osteomalacia (a softening of the bones) or osteoporosis (thinning and weakening of the bones) can occur. An excessive amount of Vitamin D supplementation can result in an elevated blood calcium level and can lead to calcium deposits in soft tissues, including blood vessels and kidneys, resulting in serious damage. High blood pressure, high blood cholesterol levels, diarrhea, drowsiness or headaches could also result from an overdose of Vitamin D. Before using a Vitamin D supplement in addition to formula and foods containg good levels of Vitamin D, always check with your healthcare provider who can perform a blood level test and determine the appropriate amount of Vitamin D supplementation needed per day. For children consuming Baby’s Only Organic. When used as a part of a healthy diet, the amount of Vitamin D in these formulas helps to ensure adequate Vitamin D status. Good Food Sources: fortified milk, cheese, eggs, some fish such as sardines and salmon, and fish oils. Tripkovic L, Lambert H, Hart K, et al. Vitamin EVitamin E is a generic term used to describe a family of eight antioxidants – 4 tocopherols and 4 tocotrienols. However, only alpha- tocopherol is the form actively used in the body and is, therefore, the form of Vitamin E found in the largest quantity in blood and tissues. Natural Vitamin E Acetate, also known as natural alpha- tocopheryl acetate, is the commonly used form of Vitamin E in foods and vitamin supplements. Vitamin E protects Vitamin A and the essential fatty acids from oxidation in the body. It is needed for the proper functioning of nerves and muscles and helps to form red blood cells, muscle and other tissues. A deficiency of Vitamin E has been observed in individuals with severe malnutrition or who have a malabsorption syndrome such as cystic fibrosis or cholestatic liver disease. A deficiency of Vitamin E can result in neurological symptoms such as impaired balance and coordination, muscle weakness, and damage to the retina of the eye. Excessive Vitamin E can impair blood clotting leading to hemorrhage and can have a negative effect on white blood cell functioning. Good Food Sources: poultry, seafood, green leafy vegetables, egg yolk, nuts, seeds, wheat germ, whole grains. Vitamin KVitamin K helps the blood to clot when the body is injured and is important in bone development and repair. In babies, there is a life threatening and preventable bleeding disorder known as Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (VKDB). This is the reason why it is standard practice to give all newborns an injection of phylloquinone after birth. Good Food Sources: green leafy vegetables, pork, liver, oats, wheat bran, whole grains. Biotin. Biotin is part of the B- complex of vitamins. It is thought to play a role in cell growth and is important in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates (sugars), and some amino acids (the building blocks of protein). Good Food Sources: eggs, meats, fish, nuts, seeds, dried beans and peas (legumes). Folic Acid. Folic acid, sometimes called folacin or Vitamin B9, works with vitamins B6 and B1. It is needed to make genetic material (DNA and RNA). It promotes normal red blood cell formation and reduces the risk of neural tube (brain and spine) birth defects. This is one reason why a folic acid supplement is recommended during pregnancy. Good Food Sources: poultry, liver, dark green leafy vegetables, dried beans and peas (legumes), yeast breads, wheat germ, cereals, oranges, grapefruits. Niacin. Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid or Vitamin B3, is found in every cell of the body. It is necessary for energy production and to maintain the normal functioning of skin, nerves and the digestive tract. It can be manufactured by the body from the amino acid tryptophan. However, the amount needed by the body will usually exceed the amount that the body can produce and it is necessary to consume niacin from foods. Good Food Sources: poultry, fish (especially tuna and salmon), beef, peanuts and peanut butter, seeds, potatoes. Pantothenic Acid. Pantothenic acid is also known as Vitamin B5. It is involved in numerous chemical reactions in the body and is essential for the metabolism of fat and sugars. Pantothenic acid is also involved in the manufacture of chemicals that regulate nerve functions. Good Food Sources: meat, fish, poultry, egg yolk, whole grain cereals, dried beans and peas (legumes). B Vitamins. Riboflavin: also known as Vitamin B2, is found in every cell of the body and is needed for energy production. It also helps to maintain vision and the metabolism and proper functioning of skin and nerve cells. Good Food Sources: milk and dairy products, enriched breads, eggs, meats (especially organ meats like liver), green leafy vegetables, grains. Thiamin: This is also known as Vitamin B1 and is important for the normal functioning of the nervous system. Thiamin also participates in the body’s ability to use protein and sugars for energy production. Good Food Sources: whole grain and enriched grain products, pork, seafood, cereals. Vitamin B6: This can also be referred to as pyridoxine or pyridoxal. This vitamin influences many body functions including the regulation of blood sugar levels, the manufacturing of hemoglobin in red blood cells which carries oxygen to all body cells, and the functioning of the nervous system. As protein intake increases, so does the body’s need for Vitamin B6. Also, an adequate Vitamin B6 intake decreases the requirement for niacin from food sources because it aids in the conversion of tryptophan to niacin. Good Food Sources: chicken, fish, pork, liver, whole grains, cereals, spinach, sweet and white potatoes, bananas, prunes, watermelon. Vitamin B1. 2: This is also known as cobalamin because it contains the mineral cobalt. It is crucial in the reproduction of every cell in the body because it is needed to make DNA, the genetic material required for life. Vitamin B1. 2 is essential for normal growth, healthy nerve tissue, and the formation of blood cells. Good Food Sources: All foods of animal origin (meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk and other dairy products) and seafood. Vitamin CVitamin C is also known as ascorbic acid. Vitamin C has received a lot of attention because of its major role in the body as an antioxidant, a substance that prevents damage to cells from free radicals and pollutants, and as a protector against infections, particularly the common cold. Vitamin C plays a role in nerve transmission, tissue repair, the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids, and the enhancement of iron absorption. Vitamin C is used by the body to make collagen, the connective tissue in skin, ligaments and bones. Good Food Sources: citrus fruits, berries, melon, peppers, dark green leafy vegetables, sweet potatoes, plaintains, tomato and tomato products. Choline. Choline is not a true vitamin because the body can manufacture small amounts of it. However, it must be consumed from foods to meet overall body needs especially during times of rapid growth and development such as pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood. Choline is an essential nutrient necessary for the structure and function of all cells in the body. Good Food Sources: beef liver, egg yolk, peanut butter and peanuts, soybeans and soy products. Calcium. Although the major function of calcium is the formation and maintenance of bones and teeth, it is also needed to keep the heart pumping, muscles moving, and nerves communicating. Calcium helps regulate the passage of nutrients in and out of cells, assists in normal blood clotting, and is important to normal kidney functioning. Good Food Sources: milk and dairy products, fish with edible bones (such as sardines and salmon), oysters, tofu, dark leafy green vegetables. Phosphorus. This teams with calcium to aid in bone and teeth formation, kidney function, and heart contraction. The balance of calcium and phosphorus is important in the body, especially in early childhood, to ensure that the team works together well in keeping the body’s chemical balance. Good Food Sources: milk and dairy products, meat, fish, eggs, nuts, dried beans and peas (legumes). Magnesium. This works with calcium and Vitamin C to maintain bone health. It is also necessary for energy production, the making of proteins used by the body to make cells and genetic material, the transmission of nerve impulses, the contraction and relaxation of the muscles, and maintaining the delicate electrical balance of all body cells. Good Food Sources: soybeans and soy products, nuts, whole grains, dried beans and peas (legumes), green vegetables, whole grain breads and cereals, shellfish. Iron. As blood passes through the tiny air sacs in the lung, oxygen attaches itself to the iron in the blood.
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